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Plain-language guides to the numbers on every fund page

What the jargon means, how to read it, and why it matters before you put money in. Written from an investor’s side, not a sales page.

Costs
Expense ratio: what 1% really costs over 10 years

Why a small annual fee quietly eats more of your returns than the headline suggests — and how to compare.

Risk
Maximum drawdown: the number fund pages don’t put first

Peak to trough to recovery — why the worst drop matters more than the best year, and how to read it.

Returns
Total return vs annualized return: how to read a 10-year figure

“It grew 315% over ten years” vs “about 15% a year” — the same fact, two very different numbers.

Risk-adjusted
Sharpe ratio: one number for risk-adjusted return

Return per unit of ups and downs — what it means, what it hides, and why it never travels alone.

Fundamentals
Index funds vs active funds: what you’re actually paying for

What the fee gap buys, why most active funds trail their benchmark after costs, and when each makes sense.

Dividends
Dividends reinvested vs paid out — and why backtests use reinvestment

Reinvest or take the cash? And why the default assumption changes what a growth chart shows.

Method
How to read a backtest honestly

Window, fees, dividends, drawdown, calendar years — the checklist that keeps you from fooling yourself.

Fundamentals
ETF vs mutual fund: what actually changes for your money

Trading, minimums, taxes and fees — the practical differences, and why SeeFund covers US-listed ETFs.

Income
Yield vs total return: why a high dividend isn’t your return

Yield is one slice; total return is the whole picture. Chasing only the yield can hide what a fund really did.

Method
Rebalancing: why, when and how often

What drift does to your mix, why rules beat feelings, and why backtests use daily rebalancing as the standard.

Method
How to compare two funds fairly

VOO vs QQQ and beyond — same window, net of fees, dividends reinvested, and reading drawdowns not just the total.

Tools
Try the calculators →

Fee impact · drawdown recovery · lump sum vs monthly · annualized vs cumulative — drag, don’t just read. Plain math, no forecasts.

Want to see any of these numbers on real US-listed funds? Open SeeFund — returns, fees, drawdowns and every calendar year are laid out plainly. History is shown as history, never sold as a forecast.